On the other hand, pomegranate and nuts contain important quantities of ETs (150–500 mg/100 mL pomegranate juice ~1600 mg/100 g walnuts) although they can also be found in berries at lower concentrations (50–350 mg/100 g F.W. The highest ANCs content is found in chokeberry (400 to 1500 mg/100 g fresh weight (F.W.)), blackcurrant (100 to 500 mg/100 g F.W.), blackberries (50 to 350 mg/100 g F.W.), blueberries (60 to 300 mg/100 g F.W.) and purple corn (≥1500 mg/100 g F.W.). Blueberries, very often used in intervention studies, contain a mixture of delphinidin, malvidin and cyanidin derivatives. Moreover, malvidin-3-glucoside is the major ANC in red grapes and wines whilst pelargonidin-3-glucoside in strawberries. Cyanidin-3-glucoside is the most frequent ANC found in raspberries, blackberries, elderberries, purple corn or black carrots. The main ANCs present in our diet are cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, pelargonidin, peonidin, and petunidin. In particular, berries, red grapes and red wine are important sources of ANCs. Over the past few decades, a major area of research has specifically focused on the study of the plant-derived bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, and their cardiometabolic protective properties in humans which is summarized by Lecour et al.Ī variety of fruits and nuts are good sources of different polyphenols including anthocyanins (ANCs) and ellagitannins (ETs).

Plant foods provide a variety of micro- and macronutrients, i.e., minerals, vitamins, fibers, proteins as well as a range of bioactive compounds that are beneficial for our health. It is well recognized that a diet rich in plant-based foods helps prevent or reduce these cardiometabolic disorders and that increasing the intake of fruits, vegetables, cereals and nuts constitutes part of the strategy to combat these disorders. The effects of other factors, i.e., habitual diet, health status or country where the study was conducted, were inconsistent and require further investigation.Ĭardiometabolic dysfunction is diagnosed in about 8% of the global adult population and is characterized by dyslipidemia, hypertension, obesity, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Most of these effects were detected in obese/overweight people but we found limited or non-evidence in normoweight individuals or of the influence of sex or smoking status.

Additionally, we found an indication of a small increase in HDL-cholesterol most significant with nuts and, in flow-mediated dilation by nuts and berries. Blood pressure was significantly reduced by the two main sources of anthocyanins, berries and red grapes/wine, whereas waist circumference, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose were most significantly lowered by the ellagitannin-products, particularly nuts.

Both anthocyanin- and ellagitannin-containing products reduced total-cholesterol with nuts and berries yielding more significant effects than pomegranate and grapes. The potential influence of various demographic and lifestyle factors on the variability in the response to these products were explored. A meta-analysis of 128 randomized clinical trials was conducted to investigate the effects of berries and red grapes/wine as sources of anthocyanins and of nuts and pomegranate as sources of ellagitannins on a range of cardiometabolic risk biomarkers. Understanding interindividual variability in response to dietary polyphenols remains essential to elucidate their effects on cardiometabolic disease development.

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